Autonomous water supply from a well diagram. Water supply from a well. Installation of pumping equipment
Nowadays, poor quality work or even the complete absence of a central water supply on the site is no longer a problem, since water supply to a private house can be provided from an autonomous source -. Moreover, it is possible to do this even with your own hands. In particular, the water supply scheme with a hydraulic accumulator is considered the most accessible and at the same time functional. Its design includes three mandatory stages: organizing a water source, installing equipment and laying out the pipeline. To ensure an uninterrupted autonomous water supply system, you need to know how to correctly implement all three stages - then we will understand each of them step by step with a video.
Well drilling
The first step is to create a water source, that is, drilling a well. Its depth must be determined by two factors: the location of the water vein on the site and your specific water supply needs. There are several drilling methods, but the simplest and at the same time effective option is the percussion-rope drilling method. To implement it, you will need to build a kind of support tripod from metal pipes and fix a special driving glass on it - it is attached using a mechanical winch with a cable.
Important! The height of the supporting tripod should directly correlate with the dimensions of the glass: the larger the glass, the higher the tripod. Ideally, the support should exceed the length of the glass by 1.5-2 m.
Drilling itself is carried out according to the following scheme:
- forcefully drive the glass into the ground;
- the glass picks up the soil;
- lift the glass and remove the soil from it;
- drive the glass in again.
Perform similar actions until the well reaches the desired depth. After completion of drilling, you need to install a casing pipe in the well - metal or plastic with a threaded connection. It should fit as tightly as possible to the ground.
And the final process of organizing a water source is pumping the finished well: using a pump, it is necessary to pump out dirty water with sand and clay from it.
Scheme: autonomous water supply system
Caisson installation
The second step is the installation of a caisson, which will protect the well and its contents from such negative factors as freezing, silting, and the ingress of dirty groundwater. As a rule, a caisson is a durable cylinder made of plastic or metal - its dimensions must be selected depending on the dimensions of the well. The device must be closed with a sealed lid with holes for pipes and other equipment.
Advice. To prevent the caisson from deforming during operation, it is recommended to cover it with heat-insulating, but always non-flammable material, and additionally cover it with plastic sheets or cover it with bricks.
Installing the caisson does not require much effort. First you need to cut a hole in the bottom of the container - its diameter should be slightly larger than the diameter of the casing. Then the caisson is lowered into the well - it should rise no more than 20 cm above the upper ground level. After this, the casing is cut and welded to the opening of the tank.
Pump installation
The third step is to install a pump, which acts as the heart of the entire plumbing system. When choosing a device, you should consider several important indicators:
- casing diameter;
- height and pressure of water supply in the well;
- expected volume of incoming water from the well;
- planned water consumption.
Please take into account that the power of the equipment should not exceed the productivity of the well in order to avoid “dry” running of the pump. Also, the device must be 10-15% smaller than the diameter of the casing pipe in order to maintain the possibility of its maintenance.
The pump is installed as follows:
- A cable is fixed to the fastening elements of the pump - it protects the device from emergency lowering.
- A check valve is installed on the pump - it makes it impossible for the water flow to flow back into the well.
- A water pipe and a power cable are connected to the pumping equipment. At the same time, the cable is fixed to the pipe with plastic clamps in increments of 1.5 m.
- The pump is slowly lowered into the casing and then fixed with a cable at a height of 1 m from the bottom of the well. The other end of the cable is fixed to the well head.
Diagram: connecting automation
Next, you should take care of the cleaning filters - they are installed on the pipe that supplies water from the pump to the accumulator. It is mandatory to use a coarse filtering device, and fine cleaning devices, coal, softeners, etc. are installed depending on the purpose of the water from the well.
Working with hydraulic accumulator and automation
The fourth step is installing the hydraulic accumulator and setting up the automation. A hydraulic accumulator is an essential component in an individual water supply system. This is due to a number of its functions: maintaining constant water pressure for uninterrupted operation of the system, protecting the pump from water hammer when it is activated and deactivated, and creating a reserve volume of water.
At its core, a hydraulic accumulator is a storage tank that is filled with water under the pressure of pumping equipment. It is equipped with special automatic devices that ensure the system starts and maintain the specified parameters of its operation. The automation kit includes: pressure sensor, relay and pressure gauge. All these devices are connected to the hydraulic accumulator via a fitting with five outputs: three outputs are needed to connect the hydraulic tank to the automation components, one to connect to the pump and one to connect to the water pipe.
Pipeline laying
The fifth and final step is to draw a pipeline from the well directly to the house. Work begins with the construction of a trench - it is dug below the freezing depth of the soil. The trench is compacted with sand and crushed stone - pipes from the well are laid on the resulting cushion.
For the construction of the pipeline, it is recommended to use metal-plastic, PVC or polyethylene pipes. They must be insulated. For this purpose, either a foam shell or a special heating cable can be used - the second option is more effective and reliable.
Advice. Choose a two-core cable with variable resistance for the pipeline - it is not only more convenient to use, but also reduces energy costs.
To provide even better thermal insulation, water pipes are placed either in a corrugated or regular sewer pipe of increased diameter. The power cable for the pump is also passed into it - it is subsequently connected to a power box installed directly in the house.
It is recommended to lead pipes from the well into the home through the basement, but if this is not possible, you can use external walls. But at the same time, the pipeline cannot be bent - it is better to connect individual sections of pipes using special couplings.
Connection inside the house
When the pipeline is installed in the house, pipes should be laid out and then connected to all existing water consumption points.
As you can see, to ensure autonomous water supply to a private home, it is necessary to take care of three components of the system: a well, equipment and a pipeline. By carefully completing every step of arranging these components, you will receive an individual water supply system that will uninterruptedly satisfy your household and technical needs for clean water.
DIY water supply system: video
Water supply for a private house: photo
An individual well is often the only way to provide a home with clean water. The composition and properties of water extracted from the ground are never known in advance. The owners will learn about the load the devices will experience and what additional equipment will have to be installed after the launch. The water supply to a private house from a well, the layout of which resembles a classic centralized water supply system in miniature, must be carefully thought out from the moment the water is collected.
Equipment: top view
Before developing a water supply scheme, purchasing equipment and installing it, it is necessary to take into account several critical parameters:
- the well's flow rate, that is, its productivity, should not be less than two cubic meters per hour, this is the minimum value for most pumps;
- age - at least 7 months, the “younger” ones must go through the natural process of “maturation”, a natural filter must form in the aquifer;
- composition and characteristics of water - hardness, amount and nature of impurities, organoleptic characteristics.
Well productivity
Water is taken from various horizons - from 3 to 150 meters. The depth depends on the terrain and the nature of the soil. Water exploration is an extremely complex process, so before actual drilling it is difficult to understand at what depth water will be found and what its quality will be. Here are some examples:
- Groundwater can be found at depths of 3 meters and below. It is easily extracted, but the flow rate is not great due to the fact that there is no natural pressure. Reserves may be significant, or they may run out in a couple of years. The water quality is satisfactory; at such depths, organoleptic indicators deteriorate during periods of flood or prolonged rainfall.
- Interstratal waters are aquifers that are located below groundwater, between layers of clay or in rock cracks. They may have increased mineralization. The flow rate is high; in 90% of cases, it is interlayer water that is taken for domestic needs.
- An artesian spring is water from rock layers that flows like a fountain when it opens. Detection at a depth of 100 meters is possible, but this happens rarely due to the characteristics of the drilling equipment used, which is not able to penetrate rock layers.
Feeding features
No matter what depth the water comes from, increased pressure is always required. Pipes, fittings, and household appliances are designed for a certain water pressure. If it is less than necessary, deposits will begin to accumulate on all internal surfaces. In everyday life, this will be noticeable by such signs as the appearance of rusty deposits on the mesh filters, a putrid smell from the washing machine and dishwasher. Low pressure threatens stagnation in the sewer system.
All types of pumps used are designed to operate at positive temperatures. Water cannot be allowed to freeze, so you will have to thoroughly insulate both the well itself and the caisson and pipes leading to the house.
System elements
Autonomous home plumbing is a full-fledged engineering system, the elements of which are interconnected and must be selected as a whole.
Pump equipment
The water supply system for a private house from a well requires the use of a pump, which is selected based on the following parameters:
- Total consumption is an indicator that is calculated based on the number of users, type and power of household appliances. Water on the site is always used for irrigation; this selection is seasonal, but must be taken into account when.
- The type of well and its configuration influences the choice of equipment. For open ones, pumping stations are suitable; for deep ones, you will have to purchase a special unit.
- Climatic conditions. In harsh conditions, the use of surface power plants is excluded, since they cannot be left outside for the winter due to the risk of freezing. In such cases, complex stations installed in the house or well pumps buried a couple of meters below the soil freezing level are used.
Related article:
If you do not want to place the station in the house, then a caisson is best for this. In a separate publication we will talk about their types, prices and installation rules.
When organizing water supply for a private house from a well, the scheme can be any, and the equipment used can be complex or submersible. Submersible pumps are compact units with a cylindrical shape that allows them to be placed in tight spaces. is an installation consisting of a power unit, a control unit and a hydraulic accumulator.
Well pump performance calculator
If the central water supply works unsatisfactorily or is completely absent in a populated area, it is possible to establish an uninterrupted supply of water to a private home from a well drilled on the site.
How to arrange water supply at home - step-by-step description
Companies providing well drilling services do not engage in their further development. You can carry out all the necessary work yourself by purchasing the necessary equipment and materials for laying a pipeline network from the source to the house at the market or in a specialized store. You will have to select a pump, HDPE 32 pipes, a hydraulic accumulator to maintain the required pressure in the system, shut-off valves, etc.
Well drilling
Usually a well is drilled in the local area. The depth, as a rule, varies in the range of 25-50 meters; deeper ones are expensive and require special permission to carry out work. After the completion of drilling work, a pipe sticks out above the surface of the earth, the diameter of which ranges from 100 to 159 mm. If groundwater lies below a two-meter mark from ground level, then a well is installed. In other cases, it is necessary to build closed, insulated extensions, allowing for constant maintenance at any time of the year.
Construction of a well in a house specially built from timber, brick and cinder blocks. A dry, insulated structure allows you to organize maintenance of a source of clean water
The dimensions of the well and extension must allow work to be done to change the pump and clean the well if such a need arises. You can build a small utility room from cinder blocks or bricks. All perimeter walls, as well as the floor and ceiling, must be insulated with polystyrene foam boards, the thickness of which must be at least 100 mm. In severe frosts, a heating cable that is wrapped around it will help prevent the water in the supply pipe from freezing. To prevent surface water from entering the well pipe, it is raised 40 cm above the ground and covered with a cap, which protects the water intake source from debris and dust.
If the groundwater level is low, it is better to hide the well in a well. In this case, the earth itself acts as insulation. The deeper the well, the warmer it will be in the winter. In this case, the structure must also be insulated, and the water pipe must be wrapped in a heating cable.
The construction of a water-bearing well in a well, otherwise called a caisson, allows you to use the thermal insulating properties of the earth as a natural insulation
Laying water pipes
When laying the pipeline, make sure that it lies below the freezing level of the soil in the given area. To do this, dig a trench of the required depth and lay a 32-mm pipe made of metal-plastic or cross-linked polyethylene at its bottom. A pipeline made from these materials can be replaced with a HDPE pipe, but it is not advisable, since it can collapse if frozen.
Important! Remember that water cannot be carried through hoses, so do not use them for piping.
A pipe laid below the freezing point of the soil can be frozen in places where it rises. You can get rid of this problem by insulating the foundation of the house, using it to wrap the pipe itself, and also laying a self-regulating heating cable along it.
If it is impossible to carry out excavation work on the site for some reason or you are generally too lazy to do it, then you can run the pipeline along the top, slightly deepening it into the ground. In this case, the pipe is laid only together with a self-regulating heating cable. Additionally, the pipe is insulated with Energoflex or other similar materials. To preserve the heat-insulating properties, the entire cake is placed in a sewer or special corrugated pipe of larger diameter. At the same time, a storage tank is added to the system to water the plants with warm water, which has a beneficial effect on the growth of all crops.
Important! The power supply cable for the pump is also laid along with the water pipe. The electrical wire must be four-wire with a cross-section of 2.5 or higher. The power supply box (PSB) is installed in a warm room specially designated in the house.
Pump selection and installation
Good uninterrupted operation of the water supply system can be ensured by two types of pumps: submersible rotary or centrifugal. Most often, a borehole submersible rotary pump of suitable power is purchased. When choosing a pump, a number of parameters are taken into account:
- well depth;
- highest point of water consumption;
- minimum water column;
- total water consumption.
When purchasing a pump, pay attention to the following technical characteristics:
- pump pressure indicated by the manufacturer in meters (shows how much pressure the blades create to push water);
- pump flow rate, indicated in cubic meters per hour (shows the volume of liquid that the pump can pump per unit time).
The level of electricity consumption depends on the magnitude of its pressure and flow. The higher these technical characteristics, the more electricity is consumed when operating the equipment. As water flow increases, the pressure will drop. By minimizing losses in the pipeline, it will be possible to optimize the operation of the pump, preventing it from overloading. The greatest demand is for pumps with a head of 60-80 meters, the flow rate of which reaches 4 cubic meters per hour.
Borehole pumps vary in power, pressure, and performance. They are used for pumping clean water not only from wells, but also from wells
It is important to note that if there are power outages in a populated area or situations arise with periodic voltage drops, the pump must be connected through a stabilizer.
Video: how to choose well pumping equipment
Unit installation features
The dismountable connection “American 1″” will allow you to disconnect the head from the well pipe along with the HDPE 32 water pipe and the pump secured with a 4-mm steel cable or a 5-mm nylon thread.
Installation of a submersible pump with an attached water supply pipe and an attached steel cable is carried out with special care to prevent the equipment from jamming
Using a cable, the pump is held at a certain distance from the bottom of the well, ranging from one to three meters. It is not recommended to leave a larger distance, as the equipment may become silted, which will make it difficult to lift it up or make this operation completely impossible. Installation of a check valve is carried out if this device is not provided for in the pump design. A non-return valve allows you to prevent the reverse flow of water from the water supply into the well.
Before lowering, HDPE pipe 32 is connected to the pump and a cable is attached. Place the lower part of the head, equipped with a rubber seal, onto the well pipe. They begin to slowly lower the pump, fixing the supply cable to the pipe every one and a half meters using plastic clamps. At the same time, you should not pull the cable too hard, otherwise it may break when stretching the polypropylene pipe. The pump is lowered to the bottom, after which it is raised one to two meters. In this position, the equipment is secured by securing the cable. Then the upper part of the head is secured.
Diagram of serial connection of system elements
According to this scheme, a water supply system is installed when supplying water from a well.
One of the most common schemes for organizing a water supply system in a private home, ensuring the supply of water under the necessary pressure for the operation of all plumbing equipment
Below are the main elements of an autonomous water supply system with a brief statement of their purpose:
- necessary to create a water reserve and maintain an acceptable pressure level in the system;
- allows you to regulate turning on and off the power supply to the well pump;
- the dry year relay is responsible for turning off the power to the pump if the water in the well disappears;
- ROM (start-up protection device) comes complete with the pump;
- a coarse filter protects the system from large particles that pollute the water;
- a flask with a built-in cleaning cartridge provides more thorough water filtration;
- A pressure gauge is necessary to control the pressure level.
As you can see, you can do water supply from a well yourself, but you have to take into account too many nuances. Before carrying out work, you should familiarize yourself with the technology of its implementation. Perhaps attracting specialists will help solve this problem faster and better.
Is your private home equipped with an autonomous water source and do you want to organize water supply for your private home from a well? Agree that having completely independent communications is very convenient. Do you have no practical experience in arranging a water supply system and do you doubt your own abilities?
We will help you cope with the task. After all, a person can live for more than a month without food, but without water he cannot live even three days. Therefore, organizing an uninterrupted supply of water from a well is a top priority in your diary.
Also here you will find step-by-step instructions with colorful photographs and detailed diagrams. To make it easier to perceive information, we have selected a video about independently organizing an autonomous water supply system from a well.
First of all, it’s worth figuring out what kind of water is suitable for an autonomous water supply device.
If you imagine everything simply and easily, then there are three types of groundwater.
- Verkhovodka. Something that has managed to seep into the soil, but has not yet become a stable aquifer. The weakest water quality. It’s easy to recognize - the water level fluctuates greatly depending on the season. Not suitable for drinking water supply.
- Groundwater. More stable aquifers. The depth ranges from several meters from the surface to several tens. They are mainly used for autonomous water supply.
- Artesian water. The deepest and oldest water carriers. The depth of occurrence can exceed a hundred meters. Water is most often suitable for drinking purposes, but may be too hard and saturated with various minerals.
Water obtained from an autonomous source must undergo a cycle of comprehensive studies at the SES or another accredited organization.
Based on the results of the analyzes, conclusions are drawn about the possibility of its use as drinking or technical.
The organization that carried out the water analysis can recommend the optimal treatment scheme if the technical option can, after filtration, acquire a drinking category.
Types of wells for private water supply
The undrinkable water is quite suitable for watering the garden, cleaning and similar needs. It is easier and cheaper to obtain by constructing a needle well, also called. It is a column of thick-walled VGP pipes Ø from 25 to 40 mm.
The first link of the column is equipped with a tip and a filter located directly in the walls of the water-gas pipe. The Abyssinian well is not drilled, but driven into the ground using a heavy borehole, which is attached to a cable thrown over a block.
This is the cheapest and easiest way to obtain water for temporary water supply. For summer residents who need exclusively technical water and only in the summer.
Image gallery
When organizing water supply for a private house from a well, the following important points must be taken into account:
- daily fluid intake;
- aquifer depth;
- distance from home.
Installing a stand-alone system requires several tasks, including the following:
- stable water pressure;
- pump equipment;
- installation and location of the pump.
- Collection point. This includes a well, borehole, pond, spring, and captage.
- Water intake point. This could be a residential building, a bathhouse, a garage or a gazebo.
- Highway. We are talking about a water pipe through which liquid moves, starting from the intake point and ending at the receiving point.
All internal lines and points must be displayed on the internal water supply project diagram.
Water supply arrangement
The fluid supply system from a well to a private house consists of the following elements:
- pump;
- membrane tank;
- pipeline;
- circuit breakers;
- switch block;
- locking device.
In addition, the consumers through which the liquid is supplied are:
- water taps;
- shower cabin;
- bath;
- washing machine, etc.
When the house has a hot water supply, another additional unit is added to the above-mentioned devices - an electric water heater, which comes in two types: instantaneous and storage. If possible, install a powerful heating boiler equipped with a second circuit.
Gas water heaters are also installed in private homes, but they are used infrequently. Today, the once very popular wood-burning Titan has been relegated to the list of rarities. Builders consider such solid fuel dispensers to be obsolete devices. 
Judging by the picture above, the water supply diagram for a house from a well includes a small number of details.
Typically, a hole in the ground resulting from drilling is located near a building. But if the depth is shallow, it can also be located on the ground floor. The head of the water intake located in an open area must be covered with thermal insulation. 
In most cases, to create an insulated circuit, well rings are installed, protecting the well and facilitating maintenance of the installed equipment.
A water pipeline installed in an open area, starting from the head and ending with the entrance to the building, must be protected from freezing. To insulate the passage of the pipe through the foundation or wall, a special inlet sleeve is installed. 
Installation of unit equipment must be carried out in a well-heated room. These include water treatment devices, as well as systems for maintaining a certain pressure in the network, including the following:
- check valve;
- pumped storage tank;
- cleaning filters;
- shut-off valve regulators;
- control devices;
- power supply elements;
- automation;
- control system.
When installing a fully equipped pumping station, the installation of some parts can be eliminated.
How to arrange a caisson
Typically, all water supply equipment is installed in a caisson. It is a special container that allows you to service the well. This element protects parts from freezing in winter due to the presence of a tight lid and insulation of the entire structure. Its dimensions are 1.5x1.5x1.5 m.
The caisson can be made of various materials:
- plastics;
- become;
- concrete rings.
You can buy a similar design in a specialized store or make it yourself. It is usually done in the form:
- circle;
- square.
The popularity of steel caisson is due to its long service life. Plastic containers have a fairly low price. You can make concrete rings yourself.
When arranging a caisson, you must always remember to make holes through which the pipes will pass.
When installing a caisson, it is necessary to consider the amount of equipment used, since this will determine where the casing will be located. In the case of installing a membrane tank, the mentioned cylindrical product is installed closer to the wall. The neck of the structure should protrude approximately 10-15 cm above the ground surface. As a result, the container will never be flooded with melt water. 
Installation of water supply from a well to a house
When laying a structure from pipes, the level of soil freezing must be taken into account: cylindrical products must be located underneath it.
First, a trench of a certain depth is dug. A 32 mm plastic pipe is laid at the bottom. This material can be replaced with low-density polyethylene, but in severe frost it will begin to collapse.
You cannot supply water directly from a well using rubber hoses. These parts are not suitable for pipeline installation.
A cylindrical product located below the freezing level may freeze at the point of its rise. To prevent this from happening, it is recommended to use one of the following methods:
- insulate the foundation;
- lay a heating cable;
- wrap the pipe with heat-insulating material.
Sometimes it can be difficult to carry out excavation work on a site. In this case, you can lay the pipeline into the top layer of soil to a shallow depth. The cylindrical structure must be installed together with a heating cable. In addition, additional insulation of the pipe is carried out, for example, with Energoflex. To maintain thermal insulation, the resulting so-called pie is covered with a corrugated cylindrical product of large diameter.
Additionally, the structure is equipped with a storage tank designed for watering plants with heated liquid.
Together with the continuous water supply system, a cable is installed that supplies power to the well pump.
A four-core wire with a cross-section of more than 2.5 is taken. A ROM box is installed in a heated room.
Automatic equipment
There are three generations of automation. Since setting up advanced systems on your own is quite difficult, we will take a closer look at the operation of first-generation devices.
Modern pumps are equipped with special protection that prevents dry running. It prevents overheating and reacts to voltage surges. For the automation to work well, the device must be equipped with the following parts:
- pressure gauge;
- pressure switch;
- check valve
Quite often, a safety device installed on a hydraulic accumulator is equipped with a pressure gauge. The required pressure value is maintained inside the storage tank. The water supply system automation device begins to operate when the pressure reaches a threshold value. The pump turns off immediately.
Cleaning equipment is mounted on the surface of the pipe, which supplies water directly to the hydraulic accumulator. A check valve is also installed here. It should be located next to the pump. Thanks to this element, there is no backflow of water into the hole in the ground resulting from drilling.
When the artesian well is deep, independent installation of automation is strictly prohibited. The first generation equipment is designed only for sand wells.
Additional systems
There are several more ways to install various structures.
Tower
This scheme works as follows: a container of the appropriate volume is filled using a pump, while the liquid flows into the water boiler and taps by gravity. 
The expansion tank is equipped with a float switch. When it fills with water, the pump turns off. When the liquid level decreases, automatic pumping occurs. This is the most affordable option. Its disadvantages include unstable values of pressure and water pressure. In addition, installing the tank requires a lot of space.
Pumping station
It is much more convenient to operate such a water supply system. This equipment includes:
- hydraulic accumulator;
- dry running sensor;
- pressure switch.
When the pressure in the pressure pipeline begins to decrease, the safety device is activated immediately when the tap is opened. Next, the pump turns on and water is supplied directly to the accumulator. When the membrane stretches, the hydraulic device is switched off. Pressure equalization is carried out automatically.
Two-stage feed
If there is insufficient power of the installed pumping station at maximum water flow, an expansion tank equipped with a float switch is installed in series.
A hydraulic device is mounted in the container, which turns off automatically. Next there is another injection pump and a hydraulic accumulator. Due to the expansion tank, the system flow reaches the desired level.
