Most modern consumers have seen and tasted the exotic kiwi fruit. Some even know that kiwis grow on vines. However, few people are aware that kiwi was bred from Actinidia sinensis, which was brought to New Zealand for cultivation in the 20th century. This and other types of actinidia suitable for cultivation in temperate and southern climates will be discussed below.

ACTINIDIA. DESCRIPTION OF THE PLANT. WILD SPECIES

Plants from the genus Actinidia belong to the Actinidiaceae family. The genus includes about 75 species. All of them are predominantly distributed in the regions of China, Japan, and Korea. Four species of actinidia are found in Primorye, Sakhalin, and the Kuril Islands.

Far Eastern actinidia are represented by vigorous vines. They grow in mixed and coniferous forests of the Far East. If, when growing, the vine does not find vertical support, then it can grow in the horizontal plane, thus reaching a tree or other support. The length of the shoots of actinidia, depending on the species, can be from 7 m to 30 m. The leaves are most often ovate with a pointed apex and a serrated edge. During the growing season, the leaves of some actinidia may become colored with white and pink spots.

All wild actinidia are dioecious plants. To achieve their fruiting in the garden, you need to plant one or two male plants for 5-7 female vines. The flowers are most often white, white-pink, white-golden. The diameter ranges from 1.0 to 3.0 cm. In many species, the flowers have a very pleasant aroma that spreads far from the plant itself.

Actinidia fruits are similar to multi-seeded berries. Most often green, although there are species with yellow-brown fruits. The berries are edible and healthy.

Actinidia species are found in Far Eastern nature:
kolomikta; arguta or spicy; polygamous; Giralda.

ACTINIDIA KOLOMIKTA, ARGUTA, GIRALD, POLYGAMIC - DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND VARIETIES

Actinidia kolomikta

This actinidia is very winter-hardy. It tolerates negative temperatures up to 40 degrees. It grows wild in mixed forests with a predominance of fir, spruce and pine. You can meet it in China, Japan, the Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands.

The thickness of kolomikta shoots can be from 2 to 5 cm in diameter. The shoots are shiny and brown. They reach a height of 7-8 m or more. In mid-summer the leaves take on a variegated color, first white and then pink. It is believed that this property is inherent only in male plants, but there are known cases of variegation in female specimens.

It is possible to distinguish male plants from female ones only during the flowering period. Staminate (or male) flowers are most often collected in corymbal inflorescences of three.

Pistillate (or female) flowers are located one at a time, less often two at a time, in the leaf axils. They may contain stamens with sterile pollen. Very rarely, 2-3% of actinidia flowers can be bisexual, but you still cannot expect a harvest from such plants due to the scanty amount of pollen suitable for self-pollination.

Blooms in June, fruits ripen in September. You can pick slightly unripe berries from the end of August. Fruits weighing from 3.5 g, green.
When ripe, they contain such an amount of vitamin C that 3-4 berries can fill the daily requirement for an adult. Ripe berries are green in color, oval in shape and have a pleasant sweet and aromatic pulp.
This species has been cultivated since the second half of the 19th century. I.V. Michurin became interested in this type of actinidia. He developed such varieties of actinidia as:

Pineapple; Harvest; Clara Zetkin; Rubricaulis.

The result of further breeding work on Actinidia kolomikta was the following varieties:

Emerald, VIR 1, Sweet stick, Elegant, Gourmand, Nadezhda, In Memory of Sausage, Park, Flat, Folk, Stranger, Festive, Sweet tooth, Delight, Fantasy of gardens, Champion, Ella, Marmalade, Fragrant, Leningrad large-fruited, Smooth, Far Eastern, Maritsa , Moma.

Among the varieties of actinidia kolomikta, the most delicious were:

Robinson, Waffle, Grape, Early Dawn, Magpie, Abundant, Queen of the Garden, Coin, Charming, Homestead, University.

All of the listed varieties are winter-hardy and have tasty and aromatic berries. In garden conditions, Actinidia kolomikta produces a good harvest. From one young vine you can collect an average of 1.5 kg to 3 kg.

It is worth paying attention to the varieties “Marmeladka” and “Leningradskaya large-fruited”.

Actinidia kolomikta variety "Marmalade"

The variety has been recommended for cultivation in all regions since 1998. Resistant to diseases. The shoots are red-brown. Medium sized liana. The fruits weigh 4.0 - 4.4 g. They ripen in mid-August. It has an excellent sweet taste with a light strawberry aroma. The skin is olive-colored, elongated in shape, slightly flattened on both sides. Universal berries.

Actinidia kolomikta variety "Leningradskaya large-fruited"

It is distinguished by very large berries for this type of actinidia. Their average weight is 5.5 g - 6.0 g. The taste is sweet and sour with the aroma of pineapple. Ripening - second half of August. Berries taken from the vine while unripe ripen at room temperature within a few days.

ACTINIDIA ARGUTA or ACUTE - Actinidia arguta

The tallest of all Far Eastern wild actinidia. The vine can be up to 30 meters in height. At the same time, the diameter of mature vines exceeds 15 cm. The bark is light brown. Has a tendency to longitudinal peeling. The leaves are oval, up to 13 cm long, the tips are narrowed. Variegation is not typical for this species. The leaf blade is green, dense with a red petiole. The berries range in size from 1.5 cm to 3.0 cm in length, up to 2 cm in width. They ripen in September. The green skin tastes sweet or sweet and sour. The aroma of the berries can be apple, strawberry and pineapple.
Varieties developed:

Relay race; Vaiki; Issai.

It should be noted that the berries of the "Estafeta" variety are the largest, their weight can reach up to 15 - 17 g.

The German variety "Weiki" has green berries with a red blush on the illuminated side. Male plants can be universal pollinators for all varieties of Actinidia arguta.

The variety “Issai” or ‘Issai’ was bred in Japan. The berries are up to 4 cm in length, green in color with a reddish-red fluff. Shoots up to 4 meters high. A distinctive feature of the variety is that it does not require a pollinator plant, since the Issai variety is self-fertile. The plant can withstand frosts down to -25 degrees.

The Actinitidia arguta variety "Ganiber" received a high tasting rating. The berries of actinidia "Primorskaya" and "Dachnaya" are somewhat inferior in taste. The variety "Solnechny" can become a universal pollinator for all varieties of actinidia argut.

ACTINIDIA GIRALDA

This species is similar to Actinidia arguta. Modern botanists and taxonomists consider this actinidia not an independent species, but a subspecies of actinidia arguta. Ripens about a week earlier than arguta. The most famous variety of actinidia is Giralda "Native". The berry is large, up to 11 cm in length, similar to a barrel, ripens in mid-September. The taste is good.

POLYGAMIC ACTINIDIA - Actinidia polygama

This type is sometimes called:

Actinidia nosalis; actinidia polygamous; actinidia acute; Actinidia pepper.

In length, adult shoots grow on average to 5 - 7 m. The leaves are characterized by variegation. The fruits are narrow and long, often with a spout. When unripe they have a pungent taste. As it matures, the degree of pungency decreases. The species is very decorative, as ripe fruits acquire a yellow color. This actinidia is less hardy compared to kolomikta, and the berries contain the least vitamin C. It attracts gardeners with its high decorative value. The Apricot variety is popular. The berries are orange in color, weighing up to 8 g, with the taste of bell pepper and pepper aroma. The variety "Red Maiden" has a sweet-fresh taste of the fruit, with the same peppery aroma.

DELICATE ACTINIDIA or KIWI - Actinidia deliciosa

At the beginning of the twentieth century, actinidia chinensis was brought to New Zealand with a fruit weight of 30 grams. Planted in New Zealand soil, the liana took root. As a result of careful selection, actinidia was obtained, the weight of the fruits of which reached 100 grams. In addition, actinidia fruits grown in New Zealand had a superior taste compared to their ancestor, actinidia sinensis. The surface of the fruit was covered with brownish fluff. In this way, it resembled the symbol of New Zealand - the flightless kiwi bird. In 1960, the fruits of Actinidia deliciosa began to be called kiwi.

Many believe that kiwi can only be grown in climates similar to New Zealand. However, it is not. Around 1991, work began on acclimatizing the plant in Crimea, Sochi, and the Krasnodar Territory. Today this crop is successfully grown in the south of the country. Despite the mild climate, there are frosts down to -7 degrees in winter. Many varieties of kiwi can safely withstand this temperature.

Currently, the following varieties of Actinidia deliciosa are grown in the Sochi region:

Monty; Bruno; Hayward; Allison; Abbot.

The listed varieties have female flowers. For their pollination, male plants of the Tomuri and Motua varieties are grown.

Kiwi fruits of the "Hayward" variety weigh up to 150 g. This variety is the most popular because of its attractive presentation. The pulp is aromatic and sweet. When ripe, the skin is easily removed from the fruit without damaging the pulp. Technical maturity in this area occurs in mid-October. Slightly unripe fruits will ripen perfectly after being removed from the vines. Table variety.

Varieties "Abbot", "Bruno", "Allison" are also used mainly as table varieties with a pleasant dessert taste.

The Monty variety is a technical variety; the fruits are often processed into jams and drinks, including wine production. Kiwi wine is made both at home and industrially. For example, in Armenia they produce white semi-sweet wine “Arame” from kiwi. Kiwi wine goes well with spicy dishes, cheeses and desserts.

Male plants of the "Motua" variety are more suitable for pollinating early and mid-flowering varieties, while "Tomuri" is most suitable for pollinating mid- and late-flowering kiwi varieties.

The State Register of Breeding Achievements presents three varieties of Actinidia deliciosa for cultivation in the North Caucasus region of the country: Ellison, Monty S, and Hayward Rossiyskiy.

Kiwi and the fruits of the listed species of actinidia are very beneficial for health. The high content of potassium and organic acids has a beneficial effect on blood vessels. This helps lower blood pressure and is a good prevention of strokes and heart attacks.

Given the characteristics of the various types and varieties of actinidia, it is not difficult to choose a plant to grow in any climate.

There are 36 species of climbing shrub plants in the genus Actinidia, mostly from the tropical and subtropical forests of eastern Asia. The most cold-resistant species is the variegated actinidia colomicta, or Amur gooseberry, which grows in our Far East. From here this liana came to our gardens at the beginning of the 20th century. It was first introduced into culture by I.V. Michurin.

In one place, Actinidia kolomikta grows and bears fruit for more than 50 years. It has brown or reddish-brown stems with numerous rounded white lentils; the buds are hidden in the leaf cushions. The shoots grow quickly and increase by 2-3 m in one season. Thin oval leaves have a remarkable property - 5-10 days before flowering they become variegated. First, the tips turn white, then the white spot spreads almost to the middle of the leaf blade. A pink spot appears next, which later turns crimson. Variegation persists almost all summer and is more pronounced on male specimens. Sometimes gardeners mistake it for a disease, but this is simply a property of this species, probably developed to attract pollinating insects.

Actinidia are strictly dioecious plants, the sex of seedlings is determined during the flowering period: in actinidia kolomikta at 5-6 years of life, actinidia acute - at 8-9 years.

Male flowers plants Actinidia kolomikta are about 2 cm in diameter, white, with numerous stamens, collected 2-3 in corymbose inflorescences, less often solitary. Female vines have single flowers, the same size and color. They are bisexual in structure, with a large pistil, the stigmas of which diverge into star-shaped rays (hence the name “actinidia”), and numerous small stamens. But the pollen in them is often sterile and usually does not participate in pollination. In the Moscow region, actinidia is pollinated by bees and bumblebees, which take pollen from the flowers (they have no nectaries). If there is suitable support, the stems of Actinidia kolomikta reach 8-10 m. They are frost-resistant and do not need shelter for the winter.

Another species that is promising for planting in our gardens is Actinidia arguta - larger than Actinidia kolomikta, the length of its stems reaches 24 m. They are light brown or gray, with rounded light lenticels and peeling bark. The buds are hidden by leaf cushions. The leaves are also larger, broadly oval, dark green, dense, almost leathery, and never variegated. Flowers up to 2.5 cm in diameter, male flowers - staminate, with black pollen, collected 2-3 in corymbs or solitary; females are bisexual, but functionally only pistillate, often solitary. During the season, the shoots of actinidia acute grow by 4-5 m.

Both types of actinidia produce extremely pleasant-tasting and healthy fruits. They are a juicy green berry with a thin skin, a sour-sweet taste with a strong pineapple aroma. The average weight of actinidia kolomikta berry is 2-3 g, actinidia acute - 5-6 g.

The fruits of the first type contain a record amount of ascorbic acid - more than 1000 mg/100 g wet weight, the second type - about 100 mg/100 g (for comparison - in the “overseas” kiwi, or actinidia Chinese, ascorbic acid contains 150-200 mg/100 g).

I would like to remind you that for humans the daily norm of ascorbic acid is 100-150 mg.

The berries of another, still little-known species - actinidia polygamous (Actinidia polygama) are very useful. They contain a large amount of carotene, or provitamin A. Similar to peppers and with a pepper taste, the oblong fruits ripen late, in the conditions of the Moscow region - in early September. At this time, they turn bright orange and hang on the branches for a long time, giving the plant a festive look. The stems of Actinidia polygamum are brown or reddish-brown, with sparse white longitudinal lenticels and half-hidden buds. The leaves are oval, thin, light green, and before flowering they become covered with silvery-white spots. The flowers are white, with open petals and yellow anthers, fragrant.

From the point of view of decorativeness, the thermophilic purple actinidia (Actinidia purpurea) is very interesting, the northern border of its range runs along the latitude of Kyiv. Its large (5-6 g), purple, sweet fruits stand out effectively against the background of green foliage. The elongated, dense leaves are never variegated. This species is not winter-hardy in the Moscow region.

Actinidia are propagated by seeds and vegetatively - summer stem cuttings.

From freshly picked fruits, the seeds are washed from the pulp and left on paper in a room to dry. Then they are poured into paper bags and stored until stratification begins, which includes 3 periods. In early November, dry seeds are soaked for four days, changing the water daily. Then they are wrapped in nylon and placed in a box with damp sand, covered with a sheet of filter paper or newspaper. The box is placed in a warm room at a temperature of 18-20 degrees and the sand is watered daily. Once a week, the seeds are taken out for 5 minutes to air. Then they are wrapped again in nylon, washed under running water and placed in sand. After 2 months, that is, at the beginning of January, the box with seeds is buried deep in the snow (1-1.5 m), and kept at temperatures from 0 to +5 for another 2 months. At the beginning of March, the box is brought into a cool room with a temperature of +10 +12 degrees (it cannot be brought into a warm room - at +20 degrees), since this causes the seeds to go into a state of secondary dormancy. Here the sand is kept constantly moist and the seed is ventilated weekly. After 3-4 weeks, the seed shells crack and then sowing begins.

It is better to make the substrate from equal parts of garden soil and perlite, but you can also use soil alone. Adding peat or sand does not give a positive result. The seeds are planted finely, about 0.5 cm deep. They are sown in rows spaced 5 cm apart and covered with paper. The substrate is regularly moistened. Shoots appear after two weeks. Then the paper is removed and the box is moved to a bright place. With the development of the 3-4th true leaf, the seedlings dive into boxes, into a greenhouse or onto ridges.

They are planted in open ground under lutrasil or other covering material. During the summer, the plantings are watered and weeded. For the winter, cover with a dry leaf layer of 10-15 cm and spruce spruce branches. In spring, seedlings can be planted in a permanent place.

For vegetative propagation in the Moscow region, cuttings are taken in June, when young shoots of actinidia begin to turn brown. Each cutting should have 3 nodes. An oblique cut is made under the bottom one, and a straight cut is made above the top one at a distance of 4-5 cm. Leaves are removed from the two lower nodes and the cuttings are planted obliquely 5 cm apart from each other in rows with a distance of 10 cm between them. The lower buds are buried, the upper one should be at soil level. A two-layer substrate is prepared in the greenhouse: fertile soil below, 3-4 cm of sand on top. The cuttings are covered with lutrasil and often (3-4 times a day) sprayed with water. On cold nights, the plantings are additionally covered with plastic film. After 20-30 days, the cuttings take root.

For the winter they are covered with dry leaves. Plants are planted in a permanent place in the garden in the spring.

It should be remembered that actinidia do not tolerate deep shade. Young shoots are tied to a support. The planting site should not be damp. The planting hole (40x40 cm) is filled with humus with the addition of mineral fertilizers; broken brick and crushed stone are poured onto the bottom as drainage. Lime should not be added under actinidia, but ash has a positive effect on the growth of vines. In dry weather, the ground under the bush is mulched, and the plant is often sprayed with water.

E. Kolbasina "Floriculture" No. 4 2000

Actinidia self-fertile is quite an interesting ornamental plant. Its fruits are extremely beneficial for human health, tasty and aromatic. Growing and caring for the plant is easy. In addition, actinidia produces high and stable annual yields. The fruits are marketable and have excellent transportability; they can be stored for a long time in a cool place. Detailed information about growing actinidia and keeping it at home is provided below.

Description of actinidia self-fertile

The above plant has several names. These are actinidia holifolia, and actinidia self-fertile, and kiwi, and atinidia pineapple. The plant is, first of all, a spectacular tree-like vine, which is characterized by a beautiful decorative appearance and edible fruits. The latter are characterized by an extremely high content of beneficial microelements and vitamins.

This plant is characterized by stable, high yield, sufficient frost resistance, unpretentiousness to growing conditions, resistance to diseases and pests.

It should be noted that self-fertile actinidia does not require a male plant: it pollinates well on its own. It begins to bear fruit already 4 years after planting. From one bush you can get up to 9 kg of berries.

Actinidia fruits can be stored in the refrigerator for up to 2 months, but it is necessary to observe a strict temperature range: from 0 to 2 degrees Celsius.

Features of actinidia

The above plant has the following characteristics:

• has a height of up to 25 m (argut variety), up to 6 m (kolomikta type);
• trunk with a diameter of up to 5 cm;
• high intensity of growth of plant shoots (up to 2 m in season);
• with skeletal roots;
• the maximum subzero temperature that an actinidia plant can withstand is -30 degrees Celsius;
• kiwi that has entered fruiting is more frost-resistant than non-fruiting ones;
• mid-August - fruit ripening period;
• the fruits of the plant are round or oblong in shape, from light to dark green in color;
• the taste of the fruit is from sweet and sour to fresh and sweet;
• light-loving plant;
• the crop loves moisture, but cannot tolerate excessive amounts of it;
• Spring pruning is strictly not recommended.

It should be noted that the actinidia plant can grow and bear fruit well for about 30 years.

Useful properties of actinidia

The fruits of the above plant are extremely beneficial for the human body. They contain:

• carotene, niacin, ascorbic acid, vitamin B5;
• polyphenols;
• minerals: potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus salts;
• dry matter;
• organic acids;
• pectins.

It should be noted that the fruits of this plant contain 5 times more vitamin C than black currants and 10 times more than citrus fruits.

These fruits significantly strengthen the immune system of hypertensive patients, people suffering from diabetes, the elderly and children. Kiwi fruits are especially useful for patients who have vision problems.

Types of self-fertile actinidia

Perennial tree-like vines include about 30 plant species in the genus. All varieties of actinidia are distinguished by high annual fruitfulness and a beautiful decorative appearance. The following species of the above plant are known on the territory of Russia:

1. Argutaceae:

• Hybrid;
• Kyiv large-fruited;
• Curly;
• September;
• Actinidia Arguta is self-fertile.

2. Interspecific:

• Giralda;
• Polygamous.

3. Colomiktaceae:

• Pineapple;
• Clara Zetkin;
• Self-fertile Actinidia Kolomikta;
• Victory.

Pollination of this plant occurs with the help of wind or insects. Interestingly, this process can be carried out over fairly large distances: up to half a kilometer. For example, some colomict and interspecific species pollinate independently. In this case, the harvest is small.

Tree vines can grow in one place for more than 70 years.

The yield of a vine depends on its type. Argutaceae produce the largest number of fruits - up to 250 kg, Colomiktoceae - only up to 3 kg. The weight of the fruit itself also differs: for example, polygamous fruits weigh 6 grams.

Recently, in America, breeders have developed a new variety of actinidia called Kiwi. So it is capable of producing fruits weighing up to 330 grams.

As for harvesting, the Giralda variety and all kolomikta fruits are harvested at the end of August, the rest - until mid-September. Although, if you want more sugars to accumulate in the fruit, pick kiwis closer to frost.

If the crop was harvested at sub-zero temperatures, it will not last long in the refrigerator.

Reproduction of actinidia

The above plant is propagated by both cuttings and seeds. Seed stratification is carried out over 2 months. Before this process, the seeds are steamed. Then they are mixed with sand and slightly moistened. After this, the seeds are wrapped in cloth and placed in a refrigerator, where the temperature should be maintained at about +5. It is recommended to ventilate them daily for fifteen minutes at room temperature.

After the above stratification process, the seeds are planted in light soil, which is pre-steamed. Shoots appear quite early: after two weeks. During the first year they grow slowly. But it is not recommended to feed them with anything.

It is better to keep young actinidia seedlings in a cool place during the first winter. It is advisable to plant only in early spring.

If you propagate actinidia by cuttings, it is recommended to cut them with two or three buds. One top shortened leaf is also left. It is recommended to place the cuttings in a glass of distilled water for a day. Only after this can they be planted in a container with substrate. As the latter, you can safely use peat or sand. Important: do not cover the bud with the leaf with substrate! After planting the cuttings, they need to be watered and covered with film.

In order for the cuttings to take root well, it is necessary to provide them with a temperature regime (+18 degrees Celsius), above-average humidity and access to sunlight. It is recommended to spray the cuttings with a spray bottle once a day.

Seedlings grown from cuttings will begin to bear fruit within two to three years.

Soil for the above plant

Actinidia seedlings prefer a variety of soils, with the exception of floating clay soils, close to which groundwater is located. Breeders recommend providing good drainage for the plant. Therefore, tree-like vines are best placed on slopes with water flow and elevated areas. This will prevent water from stagnating in the roots of the plant.

It should be noted that it is strictly forbidden to plant actinidia after actinidia. An undesirable neighbor for the above plant is an apple tree. It is better to plant actinidia near black currants.

Under no circumstances should digging up the soil around a tree-like vine be allowed. The maximum that can be done is to carry out fine loosening.

Self-fertile actinidia: planting and care

Plants are planted in the spring to a depth of 70 cm. Gardeners advise adding a little fertilizer to each hole: about 10 kg of ordinary humus and 100 grams of superphosphate. It should be noted that actinidia is planted in early spring.

At the very bottom of the hole, you first need to place drainage, which can be stones, expanded clay or broken bricks.

Plants are planted at a distance of up to 2.5 m. Before planting a tree-like vine, its roots are moistened in a clay mash.

Actinidia care is carried out as follows:

1. Before flowering, the tree-like vine is fertilized with phosphorus.
2. In the fall, actinidia is fed with humus, potassium salt, superphosphate and ammonium nitrate.
3. It is beneficial for the plant to mulch the soil with humus, sawdust or peat in a 12 cm layer.
4. In addition, actinidia covers itself for the winter to prevent young plants from freezing.

The above plant is unpretentious, but still requires some attention. The tree-like liana prefers to grow in the sun, although it also feels good in the shade.

1. It is important to build supports for the plant.
2. Provide additional watering during hot weather.
3. During the fruiting period, the soil around the tree-like vine is kept under black fallow.

Pruning self-fertile actinidia

This action cannot be performed:

• in early spring;
• during a period of intense sap flow (due to loss of juice, the plant becomes weak);
• at the end of summer (may cause the awakening of buds on the shoots of the current year).

The ideal time for pruning is after the plant has flowered. Also, pruning of actinidia is carried out in late autumn. At this time, you can thin out the plants, cut out weakened branches, and remove frozen tips on the shoots.

Pests and diseases of actinidia

The above plant is highly resistant to various diseases. Breeders note the following diseases that can affect actinidia:

• phyllostictosis of leaflets (brown spots);
• on berries.

It should be noted that to combat the above infections, affected fruits and leaves are collected and destroyed.

A dangerous pest for actinidia are cats, which like to gnaw out young shoots and dig up the roots of the plant. Therefore, it is important to fence the woody vine with a wire mesh and cover the top.

Calendar of work for caring for the above plant

In order for the plant to grow intensively and bear fruit well enough, it is important to carry out the necessary work on the care and maintenance of actinidia in a timely manner:

1. In April, covers are removed from young tree-like vines. This is the time when actinidia is planted.
2. In May, gardeners advise feeding the tree-like vine with organic fertilizers. Also this month it is recommended to loosen and weed the soil around the actinidia. If the weather is too dry in May, gardeners advise watering the plant and mulching the soil.
3. In June, it is advisable to ensure that the plant receives the required amount of moisture. It is also important to do a little loosening and weeding of the soil. At this time, green cuttings are also cut.
4. In July, in addition to weeding, loosening and watering, it is important to tie up the plant. It is also necessary to remove excess shoots.
5. The harvest is in August. After harvesting the fruits, it is recommended to feed the plant with minerals and organic fertilizers.
6. The harvest is also harvested in September.
7. In October and November, actinidia is pruned to form a bush. Although the above plant is highly frost-resistant, it is still important to have time to cover young tree-like vines for the winter before sub-zero temperatures.

Do you know that:

• in terms of ascorbic acid content, only rosehip can compete with the fruits of the above plant;
• 1 or 2 actinidia berries provide the body with the daily need for vitamin C;
• about 700 berries of the above plant cover the annual requirement for ascorbic acid for humans;
• For a family of 4 people, it is enough to have just one bush of woody vine to provide each member with an annual requirement of vitamin C.

How is actinidia used?

The fruits of the above plant are actively used in cooking. They are also prepared for the winter: canned and dried.

Actinidia fruits are used to make jam, squeeze juice, and make cocktails. The above fruits are also used to decorate cakes and other sweets, and to prepare desserts.

Particularly popular is dried actinidia or sultanas, which resembles in its appearance

When canning actinidia fruits, experts recommend adding citric acid, since already in a processed form they have a slightly acidic taste.

Actinidia self-fertile is a plant that can not only decorate your garden plot, but also provide extremely tasty and healthy fruits. This is just a godsend for the enterprising summer resident.

Magnificent actinidia, native to the Far East, have been cultivated for many years throughout Russia. They attract garden lovers not only with their decorative charm, but also with their harvest of healing and tasty berries. The perennial shrub vine belongs to the genus Actinidia and has been cultivated as a crop since the mid-19th century.

The decorative nature of the tree-like vine (sometimes the trunk diameter reaches 6 cm) is explained by its luxurious color scheme, which changes during spring, summer and autumn.

At the beginning of spring, shoots with bright golden leaves appear; as they grow, they change color to green, and just before flowering, the tips of the leaves turn white. The metamorphosis with coloring does not end there. After flowering, they gradually turn pink and turn scarlet. The coming autumn will add its own colors, and the vine will amaze with the intensity of shades: pink, yellow, purple. The sunny the place chosen for the plant, the brighter the riot of colors.

Thin, oblong, oval leaves are attached to the trunk by petioles, sometimes reaching 5-7 centimeters. The leaves sometimes grow up to 10-13 cm.

Actinidia blooms with medium-sized white or pinkish fragrant flowers for three weeks. They are collected in compact brushes.

The plant does not bloom until it is 5 years old - the vine is gaining strength. But in the sixth year he will thank the gardener in full. Curly branches, climbing to great heights, will be covered with delicate flowers, beautifully arranged along the entire length. However, fruiting will begin only in the 10th year of life.

Actinidia fruits are medium-sized, bright green with longitudinal stripes, elliptical in shape. The largest ones grow up to 3 centimeters in length. Juicy, sweet, aromatic berries are full of seeds. The harvest is ready at the end of August - mid-September.

There is debate among culture lovers about whether actinidia is self-fertile. Some argue that such varieties do not exist completely, and the plant should be planted at the rate of two males per 5-6 females. However, this statement is not true.

There are species of actinidia that do not require pollinators.

Varieties and types

The most frost-resistant variety, beloved in central Russia. He is not afraid of frosts down to minus 45 degrees! The liana does not grow more than 5 meters. Feels comfortable on support.

This variety requires pollination by a male plant. For every 8-10 female plants, one male plant is planted. A 10-year-old plant will produce a harvest. From one vine you can get about five kilograms of berries. The fruits are extremely tasty and healthy.

The variety does not require periodic replanting to a new location. Active growth and fruiting continues for almost 50 years.

Actinidia kolomikta reproduces in three ways:

1. cuttings - (10-15 cm long with the lower leaves removed, planted at an angle in a damp mixture of sand and peat, the place should be in the shade), survival rate is approximately 50%;
2. layering - (healthy shoots are bent to the ground and sprinkled with soil; next year they can be separated and transplanted to a new place);
3. seeds - (prepared seeds, after being kept in the cold for two months, can be sown. They will germinate in boxes at room temperature, after which they are transferred to the air, but they can only be transplanted into the ground in the next season).

Actinidia of this species differ significantly from Kolamikta. The species has several varieties. A powerful vine will delight you with a harvest of small sweet kiwis, but the decorative effect of the species is much more modest.

This long-lived plant (lives about 80 years) grows to enormous sizes and begins to bear fruit at the age of 5.

Issai

Self-fertile variety. It can also pollinate other actinidia, for example, Pineapple, Veiki and others. The very name of the variety speaks of its Japanese origin. Issai fruits are medium in size - up to 4 cm, with a very pleasant sweet and sour taste.

Gardeners love this variety for its good survival rate and the appearance of crops in the first or second year. The liana does not grow to large sizes, most often it does not exceed 3 meters in length.

Winter hardiness down to -25 degrees C. In summer it suffers from drought and, at the same time, from the close occurrence of groundwater. This will cause root rot.

Pineapple

A winter-hardy vine up to 10 meters in size, it produces a rich harvest and is considered by gardeners to be one of the best of this species (Arguta). It grows and bears fruit equally well both in the sun and in partial shade.

The fruiting period begins in the 3rd or 4th year. The fruits are small (up to 3 cm), but their pineapple aroma overshadows everything. The plant is female and requires pollination. Only loose soil is suitable, without alkali and groundwater. Requires watering and fertilizer. It is difficult to tolerate drought; this will affect the future harvest, as well as the wintering of the plant.

The variety is propagated, like all actinidia, by cuttings, layering and seeds. In the second year, the vine will need any support. Since the plant is very decorative, it can be planted near the wall of the house. There are no aerial roots - there is no need to worry about the safety of the plaster.

Purple

Beautiful bright red fruits (up to 5 cm in size) look impressive against the background of dark green oblong leaves. The liana is also good during the flowering period. In addition to beauty, the variety has excellent taste. Ripening occurs at the end of September - later.

Of all the actinidia that are grown in the central zone, this one is the least frost-resistant. The plant is female, therefore it requires a male specimen of the same species (Arguta) nearby. It is best to plant a seedling near any support - a fence or mesh, a pole, a special picket fence.

The ideal place for planting is a sunny, wind-free corner. The soil should be moist, but without stagnant water. Purple makes an exquisite jam, but the berry will bring the greatest benefits fresh or frozen.

Jumbo

Italian scientific breeders created a variety with large fruits (about 6 cm) of light green color. Usually the vine, reaching 8 meters in length, begins to bear fruit in the third year with excellent taste and sweet berries. In addition, this particular variety is well preserved after harvesting (in September).

Winter-hardy, withstands frosts of about -30 degrees, does not require shelter. Female variety. Requires pollination. For five female vines, one male vine is enough.

During the flowering period it emits a delicate aroma. The variety grows best in a sunny area without drafts; it requires support, otherwise the vine, which grows several meters per season, will turn into thickets on the ground.

Far Eastern

Another type of actinidia. All of them, without exception, are distinguished by powerful vines. Growing in the wild nature of Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands and Primorye, in mixed and coniferous forests, they reach gigantic sizes. Twisting around trees, they continue to spread along the ground in search of a new support tree. They are dioecious and therefore require male pollination.

They bloom with white, pink or golden flowers. The fruits are green in color, have excellent taste and high healing properties.

The beautiful kiwi fruit, also an actinidia (Chinese), has become familiar to all city residents. Not everyone knows that it was only brought to New Zealand from China in the 20th century! While the diversity of actinidia has been known since the mid-19th century.

In Russian gardens, the usefulness of the fruits, the ornamental value of the plant, the ease of care, and most importantly, the healing qualities and savory desserts made from the berries were appreciated. Year after year, the number of seedlings in nurseries across the country increases due to the growing demand for them.

Actinidia kolomikta.

Other names: Amur gooseberry, Far Eastern raisin, taiga pineapple.

Description. Dioecious bush-liana plant of the Actinidia family (Actinidiaceae), up to 10 m high, up to 5 cm in diameter. It has a fibrous branched root system, which is mainly located on the soil surface.

The shoots are red-brown or dark brown, shiny, with curly or erect branches. If there is a support, then strengthening itself on it, the vine rises; if there is no support, then it spreads along the ground.

The leaves are green, alternate, entire, wrinkled, on long petioles, elliptical, ovate or round, serrate along the edge, up to 10 cm long. Some specimens, especially male plants, are characterized by variegated leaves. Before flowering, many leaves have white tips, and after flowering they turn pinkish. Even later - raspberry-red. This phenomenon is not a disease.

The flowers are unisexual (some bisexual), five-petaled, fragrant, white or pinkish, drooping, on thin stalks. Male flowers are collected in corymbose inflorescences of 2-5. Female flowers are solitary. Blooms in June. Fruit ripening begins at the end of August.

The fruit is a green multi-seeded berry with longitudinal dark stripes. The shape is oblong, elliptical, less often round, up to 3 cm long, about 1.5 cm wide. Ripe actinidia fruits are soft, aromatic, tasty (sweet and sour). The liana begins to bear fruit at the age of 9.

The plant lives up to a hundred years and reproduces well vegetatively. In the wild, Actinidia kolomikta grows in the Far East. It is grown as a fruit and ornamental plant. There are more than 30 species of actinidia. The most common species is Actinidia kolomikta.

The early varieties of Actinidia kolomikta include - Fragrant, Early, Matt, the middle ones - Pineappnaya, Klara Zetkin, Krupnoplodnaya, the late ones - September, Leningradskaya late.

Collection and preparation of raw materials. The fruits (berries) of Actinidia kolomikta are consumed and prepared. Harvest the berries when they become ripe. Actinidia fruits are consumed fresh, juices, preserves, jams, and compotes are made from them.

They can also be dried and frozen in the freezer. If there is a need to transport and keep the berries fresh for as long as possible, then they are picked a little unripe. The ripening of fruits is extended over time, so harvesting is carried out approximately once a week. Ripe berries are dried in an oven or oven at 50-60°C. The dried fruits resemble raisins.

Composition of the plant. The fruits contain a lot of vitamin C (810-1400 mg%). It also contains sugars, vitamins P, B1, B2, B5, carotene, polyphenols, dry substances, tannins and dyes, pectins, organic acids, mineral salts (calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium). The leaves contain flavonoids, lactones, polyphenols, pectins, organic acids, and traces of saponins.

Useful properties, application, treatment.

The fruits of Actinidia kolomikta have antiscorbutic, hemostatic, analgesic, and anthelmintic properties. The antiscorbutic property is due to the high content of vitamin C.

The hemostatic property of actinidia fruits can be effective for uterine bleeding. The fruits are also considered effective during the recovery period after infectious diseases and operations, with physical and mental fatigue, acute and chronic diseases of the stomach and intestines.

The analgesic effect will be useful for whooping cough, bronchial asthma, and pulmonary tuberculosis. It is most advisable to consume the fruits fresh. Many vitamins are also preserved in berries mashed with sugar.

Actinidia pureed with sugar. Actinidia fruits are sorted, peeled, and washed in cool water. Then lay it out in a thin layer on paper or fabric to allow the water to dry. After the water has dried, the fruits are passed through a meat grinder, which is first thoroughly cleaned and sterilized. The crushed fruits are mixed with sugar (for 1 kg of fruits take 2 kg of granulated sugar). To taste, you can add citric acid at the rate (about 2 g of acid per 1 kg of fruit). The berries, mashed with sugar, are scattered into sterilized jars and covered with plastic lids. Store in a cool place (refrigerator, cellar, basement).

Juice from actinidia berries. The juice from actinidia fruits is squeezed out using a juicer. It is heated in an enamel container to 80°C (pasteurization), poured into sterilized jars and sealed with metal lids. Store in a cool place (refrigerator, cellar, basement).

Actinidia: care and beneficial properties

Actinidia kolomikta is a garden ornamental tree-like vine, the fruits of which have good taste and contain many useful substances.

Description of the plant

Actinidia kolomikta is a representative of the relict family of actinidia, often also called the Far Eastern or Amur gooseberry for the taste of the fruit. This plant is a close “relative” of kiwi (actinidia chinensis). Its homeland is the tropical forests of southern East Asia. In the middle zone, this liana-like shrub is cultivated as an ornamental and fruit plant.

The large heart-shaped leaves of actinidia have a bronze tint in the spring, then turn green, during the flowering period their tips become white, at the end - pink, and by autumn - crimson.

The shoots of the plant grow up to 7 meters in height, so it needs support. The flowers on this tree-like vine bloom in early summer and are white, pink and purple in color and fragrant. The fruits appear in August-September; in appearance they resemble kiwi, but usually do not exceed 2-3 cm in length and five grams in weight.

They appear 3-4 years after planting. Dark green berries ripen not simultaneously, but within 20 days. They are very delicate, and if they are not removed in time, they will fall and break. The easiest way out of the situation is to collect unripe fruits and place them in a cool, shaded place to ripen. In the sun, berries can “cook” and become tasteless.

Actinidia: care and cultivation

For planting, kolomikta use seedlings no more than four years old; an adult plant does not take root. Being a tree-like liana, this plant does not tolerate the proximity of large fruit trees, for example, apple trees, since it competes with them for water and light. It is best to place them on the south side of the house or fence, having previously placed a support (ladder, trellis), no closer than a couple of meters from other plants. The planting hole is made about half a meter deep, not counting the necessary drainage layer of sand, pebbles or broken bricks.

A mound of a mixture of soil with organic and mineral fertilizers is poured onto the drainage layer, and the seedling is placed on it so as not to deepen the root collar. Next, the plant is watered abundantly, its roots are covered and mulched with peat or humus.

Kolomiktas do not tolerate liming, since in nature they grow on slightly acidic soils, and they need organic and mineral fertilizers every year, since these shrubs grow in one place for a long time (up to 50 years) and greatly deplete the soil.

Video: Actinidia care.

Like most vines, kolomikta prefers airborne moisture, so on hot days it is better to spray it in the morning and evening rather than water it. The soil under actinidia cannot be dug up; it should be loosened and weeded. In the second year after planting, the plant begins to form. usually in the form of a fan. Pruning is carried out in the fall, after the leaves fall; in the spring, the kolomikta “cries”, secreting sap like birches, as a result, its vitality decreases and even death is possible.

It should be taken into account that actinidia is a dioecious plant, therefore, in the visible space, next to the female fruiting plant there should be a male individual.

This bush can be propagated using seeds and vegetatively (rooting of air layering, cuttings, grafting onto another vine). Seedlings bloom at about 5-6 years, seedlings - earlier. The harvest depends not only on proper care, but also on the weather during the flowering period. In warm, sunny weather, more ovaries appear.

Dots and spots on kolomikta leaves usually mean that the plant is infected with powdery mildew or another fungal infection; spraying with Bordeaux mixture and removing the affected leaves is used to combat it. Young plants should be protected from small rodents and cats; they cannot harm adult plants.

Beneficial features

Unlike the fruits of most other plants, the berries of Actinidia kolomikta ripen faster in the shade. This is due to the presence of a large amount of ascorbic acid in them, which accumulates faster when the plant is protected from the sun.

It is enough to eat just a couple of berries to get the required daily dose of vitamin C.

Video: The healing properties of actinidia.

It is this substance that attracts cats so much that they chew off the branches of young plants. Traditional medicine uses the fruits of kolomikta to treat bronchial asthma, uterine bleeding, anemia and tuberculosis, and also as an analgesic and anthelmintic.

Actinidia beneficial properties

Garden and vegetable garden-107 Actinidia - the northern sister of kiwi

Useful properties of actinidia

Actinidia is the Greek name for this liana-shaped plant and is translated as “ray”.

There are almost 30 species of actinidia in the world, and all of them are highly valued by gardeners and decorators for their ability to quickly create vertical green compositions.

The first actinidia appeared in the pre-glacial period and have survived to the present day practically without significant transformations.

By the way, so beloved by some kiwi. also belong to the actinidia species.

However, this plant is valued not only for its ability to grow quickly and for the beautiful oblong fruits and leaves that adorn gardens.

Actinidia has a whole complex beneficial properties. that help improve human health.

The fruits of the plant contain an amount of vitamin C that is not even found in lemon; just one berry can provide the body with a daily dose of this vitamin.

Actinidia berries and leaves are widely used in folk medicine and cosmetics.

Try making a face mask from actinidia pulp: take 2-3 fruits, peel and mash into a paste. Add half a banana and 2 tbsp. l. natural yogurt.

Apply the mixture to the skin of your face and neck, leave for a quarter of an hour and rinse with warm water.

This mask has a beneficial effect on the skin during the cold season, when we lack vitamins from food.

For aging facial skin and for those who are rarely outdoors due to work duties, a nourishing mask made from berry juice will help.

Just take and cut the fruit in half, wipe the juice on your face with the pulp and leave on the skin for 15 minutes.

Then remove the juice with warm water.

To exfoliate dead skin cells and cleanse pores, exfoliate with actinidia fruit pulp.

Mash the pulp to a porridge state and apply with light massaging movements to the skin of the face.

Afterwards, rinse with warm water and apply your nourishing cream.

This natural scrub can be used several times a week without contraindications.

Useful properties of actinidia have found their application not only in cosmetology: the leaves and fruits of the plant are used in the form of infusions and decoctions to treat various diseases.

For example, for patients with angina pectoris, traditional medicine offers the following recipe.

Place 5-7 chopped actinidia leaves in a saucepan and pour a glass of boiling water over them.

Place on the fire, heat and boil for a quarter of an hour.

Remove from heat, cool and strain.

Take a third of a glass in the morning, afternoon and evening.

The course of treatment is a month with a break of two weeks.

To treat problems with the gastrointestinal tract (bloating, constipation, difficult stool), prepare an infusion of actinidia berries.

To do this, pour 2 tbsp into a thermos. l. berries and pour a liter of boiling water.

Leave it overnight, and in the morning drink a glass of infusion before meals.

During the day, take two more glasses.

Course of treatment: two to four weeks, three times a day.

In addition, such a vitamin drink is useful in itself for strengthening the immune system during the cold season.

By the way, actinidia leaves are credited with not only medicinal but also mystical properties.

There has long been a belief that if you put the leaves of the plant under your pillow, you can meet romantic love.

If under the mattress, then you will live a long and rich life; and if you keep the leaves in a desk drawer, you can ensure material well-being and climb up the career ladder.

If you liked the article, tell a friend

Minerals

Beneficial features

Actinidia contains a large amount of ascorbic acid, which strengthens the immune system

Use in cooking

Actinidia is used in cooking not only in fresh, but also in processed form. The fruits can also be frozen and dried so that they can be used at any time of the year. They can also be dried and even pickled. Various drinks are prepared from this fruit: juice, compote, jelly, etc. In addition, actinidia is perfect for jam, jam, syrup, jelly, pastille and marmalade.

The benefits of actinidia and treatment

The benefits of actinidia are widely used in traditional medicine recipes. To treat many diseases, not only the fruits are used, but also the leaves, flowers and rhizomes. Actinidia helps in the treatment of whooping cough, anemia, constipation, worms and bronchitis. In addition, the plant is recommended for use for problems with the lungs, rheumatism, paralysis, as well as during stomach diseases, that is, it has rich medicinal properties.

Actinidia decoctions help with caries. The bark of the plant contains tannins and cardiac glycosides, which improve the condition of severe dizziness and headaches. Decoctions prepared on its basis have a calming, analgesic and hemostatic effect. In addition, the decoction has expectorant and tonic properties.

Actinidium can be harmful to people with individual intolerance to the product. Avoid using the plant if you have thrombophlebitis, varicose veins and increased blood clotting. It is also worth controlling the amount of fruits you eat, since overeating can cause an eating disorder.

Types and varieties

There are countless varieties of actinidia, but we will talk about them a little later. First, let's touch on the question of the types of actinidia. So, these are the three most popular types of actinidia: actinidia arguta, actinidia kolomikta and actinidia polygamous. Let's look at each of them in more detail.

As for the first type, namely actinidia arguta. then it rightfully occupies a leading position in size. So, such actinidia can reach thirty meters in height. The thickness of the trunk ranges from ten to twenty centimeters. This giant, as a rule, entwines nearby trees, and therefore looks like huge ropes. Arguta spreads from one tree to another and thereby provides the plantings with a rather spectacular and exotic appearance.

- this is exactly the type of plant that is most often grown in Russia, since it has the greatest frost resistance. So she is able to survive winters, the temperature of which does not drop below -45 degrees.

As for actinidia varieties, as we mentioned earlier, there are quite a large number of them, and therefore it will not be possible to list and characterize them all in one article. But still, we will tell you about the best varieties for growing in Belarus, Russia (its middle zone, including the Moscow region), and Ukraine.

We study the beneficial properties of actinidia and contraindications for use

This plant is becoming more and more popular in Russian gardens every year. And, if you have already decided to get it, you should carefully study the beneficial properties of actinidia and contraindications to its use.

Actinidia, along with ginseng, eleutherococcus and honeysuckle, came to us from the Far Eastern taiga. The genus of these plants includes about 75 species, of which four varieties of actinidia grow in the Russian Far East, and only two are cultivated everywhere - kolomikta or arguta.

General information about actinidia

All types of actinidia growing in our country are deciduous shrubby vines. They are unpretentious and have good winter hardiness. These plants are highly decorative; in gardens they are often used to decorate gazebos, fences, walls of buildings, or left to climb along a trellis. But it is bred most often because of its outstanding medicinal properties.

The undoubted beneficial properties of actinidia, as well as contraindications to it, were noted by the Russian academician and breeder I.V. Michurin, when he wrote that actinidia is not inferior in its qualities to grapes. But, if only the berries of grapes are considered healing, then the whole actinidia is useful - berries, leaves, bark and roots.

What are the beneficial properties of actinidia?

The main value of actinidia berries lies in the record content of ascorbic acid. In terms of the amount of this vitamin, the Far Eastern liana is second only to rose hips, surpassing citrus fruits and black currants. Berries also contain:

tannins and pectins, which have a positive effect on digestion and remove toxins from the body;

carotene, which improves vision;

vitamin P, which enhances the effect of ascorbic acid;

glycosides that have a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system;

various microelements and organic acids necessary for the body.

Berries, flowers, bark and leaves of the vine are used for gastrointestinal diseases, vitamin deficiency, anemia, pulmonary diseases, constipation, rheumatism and hypertension. It is also useful as a hemostatic, sedative, analgesic and tonic.

For the first time, a substance unique in its action, actinidin, was isolated from the fruits of the plant. It restores the function of the heart muscle after a heart attack, reduces the likelihood of repeated damage and promotes digestion.

The benefits of actinidia for weight loss

The berries of this miracle vine contain unique substances that, when combined, can effectively reduce weight. The benefits of actinidia for weight loss come from its properties to remove toxins and waste from the body, while simultaneously saturating it with essential vitamins and microelements. Moreover, 100 grams of fruit contain only 47 kilocalories.

Regular consumption of actinidia can quickly normalize weight with a balanced diet and sufficient physical activity.

Who is contraindicated from using actinidia?

The benefits of actinidia far outweigh the possible harm from it. Thus, fruits should be consumed with caution in case of unstable stool, low blood pressure, thrombophlebitis, varicose veins and increased blood clotting. Ulcer sufferers and patients with gastritis with high acidity of gastric juice should eat actinidia berries only after consulting a doctor.

A clear contraindication for use is individual intolerance, which can cause a severe allergic reaction.

The beneficial properties of actinidia, even briefly described, make it possible to evaluate its effect on health and on the body as a whole. If you have not found any contraindications to its use, try planting a healing vine on your site and you will always be provided with tasty and healthy berries.

Video about the medicinal properties of actinidia

ACTINIDIA: types, composition, calorie content, beneficial properties and contraindications.

Far Eastern raisins and Amur gooseberries are popular names for several species of Actinidia, growing wild in the Far East, and also cultivated in garden plots in almost all regions of Russia. This favorite berry of many Far Easterners has valuable medicinal properties and excellent taste. And that’s exactly what this article will be about.

Description of actinidia:

Actinidia is a genus of shrubby deciduous vines that grow wild mainly in Southeast Asia, as well as in the Far Eastern region of Russia. There are more than 70 species of Actinidia, the most famous of which is Actinidia sinensis and is known to us as kiwi. A separate article “KIWI: beneficial properties and contraindications” is devoted to kiwi. And in this article we are talking about the species of Actinidia that grow in our country. There are not many such species and the most common of them are Actinidia kolomikta and Actinidia arguta (Actinidia acute). In the wild, it is distributed in the Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories, in the Amur and Sakhalin regions, as well as in the Jewish Autonomous Okrug. As a fruit and berry crop, it is grown in many regions of Russia.

Actinidia fruits are small (about 3 cm long) edible elliptical berries of dark green color. The berries are aromatic, juicy, sweet or sour, and may taste like strawberries. kiwi. gooseberry. apples. watermelon. figs but tend to have a slightly pineapple flavor. Actinidia berries are eaten fresh, and they are also used to prepare compotes, juices, preserves, jams, marmalade, etc. Actinidia can be dried and frozen.

Actinidia has powerful medicinal properties and is widely used in folk medicine. At the same time, not only the berries, but also the leaves, bark, roots and the vines themselves are endowed with healing properties.

Actinidia composition:

Far Eastern raisins have a unique composition. It contains vitamins C.A.R, group B. In terms of the amount of vitamin C, actinidia is second only to rose hips. significantly ahead of citrus fruits and black currants. Actinidia is rich in minerals, sugars, organic acids, fiber and other healthy substances.

Actinidia calorie content:

The calorie content of actinidia fruits is about 50 kcal per 100 grams of product.

Useful properties of actinidia:

When used for culinary rather than medicinal purposes, actinidia has the following beneficial properties:

Actinidia is an excellent source of vitamins for the body. Which, of course, has a great effect on the immune system and helps protect against various diseases, including colds.

Actinidia is good for the heart, strengthens blood vessels, improves blood circulation, and helps lower blood pressure.

Positively affects the functioning of the bronchopulmonary system.

Actinidia has a beneficial effect on the digestive system, helping to get rid of heaviness in the stomach, belching and heartburn. Has a mild laxative effect.

Some sources note the ability of actinidia to remove radionuclides from the body.

Regular use of actinidia helps improve the condition of the skin.

Contraindications for actinidia:

If we talk about culinary doses of actinidia, it is contraindicated in case of individual intolerance. During pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as with thrombophlebitis, increased blood clotting and varicose veins, you should consult your doctor before consuming this berry.

When consuming the fruits, bark, leaves and roots of actinidia for medicinal purposes, you should also consult a doctor.

In addition, you should not consume actinidia in large quantities, as this can lead to unpleasant consequences, such as upset of the digestive system.

Eat actinidia with pleasure, take care of yourself and be healthy!

Actinidia - description of the plant and its fruits with photos, characteristics of properties (benefits, harm, contraindications); types and varieties of actinidia; its cultivation (planting and care); use in cooking

Actinidia: properties

Description

Actinidia- a plant of the Actinidiaceae family. In addition, there is another popular name “kiwi”. Western and Central China is considered the birthplace of this fruit. The oblong fruits are covered with light fluff on top. Inside there is tender and soft flesh of green or yellow color. There are also several small black seeds inside. In cross section, the fruits are very similar to kiwi (see photo).

The variety of beneficial properties of actinidia is due to its rich vitamin and mineral content. Thus, it contains a large amount of ascorbic acid, which strengthens the immune system. which makes it much more effective to resist the effects of viruses and infections. The fruit also contains potassium, which has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the cardiovascular system. This reduces the risk of heart attacks, strokes and other similar problems. Actinidia is useful for vitamin deficiency, iodine deficiency and hypertension.

Actinidia contains fiber, which has a positive effect on the condition of the intestines, and it also improves its peristalsis. With regular consumption, you can get rid of constipation or prevent its occurrence. This fruit also contains carotene, which has a beneficial effect on vision. The fruits help improve metabolic processes and help with vitamin deficiency.

Use in cooking

The benefits of actinidia and treatment

The benefits of actinidia are widely used in traditional medicine recipes. To treat many diseases, not only the fruits are used, but also the leaves, flowers and rhizomes. Actinidia helps in the treatment of whooping cough, anemia, constipation, worms and bronchitis. In addition, the plant is recommended for use for problems with the lungs, rheumatism, paralysis, as well as during stomach diseases, that is, it has rich medicinal properties.

Decoctions prepared from the fruit are considered indispensable for fever and for quickly quenching thirst. An infusion of the leaves will help get rid of the symptoms of angina and rheumatism. If an infusion is prepared from the fruit, it will have a general strengthening effect and is useful to use for cerebrovascular disorders. An infusion based on the rhizome is recommended for use during the treatment of stomatitis and gum inflammation.

p style=”text-align: justify;”>Fruit juice helps improve appetite and strengthen the immune system. In addition, the peel of the fruit and juice have a wound-healing and regenerating effect. Taking this into account, lotions based on them will help in healing wounds and wet eczema.

Harm of actinidia and contraindications

Actinidium can be harmful to people with individual intolerance to the product. Avoid using the plant if you have thrombophlebitis, varicose veins and increased blood clotting. The presence of at least one of these diseases is a contraindication to fruit consumption. It is also worth controlling the amount of fruit you eat, as overeating can cause an eating disorder.

Types and varieties

There are countless varieties of actinidia, but we will talk about them a little later. First, let's touch on the question of the types of actinidia. So, these are the three most popular types of actinidia: actinidia arguta, actinidia kolomikta and actinidia polygamous. Let's look at each of them in more detail.

The fruits of Actinidia arguta are also the largest among all other species, which, however, is not surprising. They are painted dark green. The berries are quite fleshy and juicy. When ripe, their taste becomes sweet. As for the aroma of the fruit, it is somewhat reminiscent of pineapple.

The peculiarity of actinidia kolomikta is that during the flowering period it emits a very pleasant aroma. As for the fruits, they look like elongated berries about 1.8 cm long. The berries of this actinidia are dark green and have dark stripes. The taste of these fruits is very pleasant and delicate. And, of course, they are endowed with a wonderful aroma.

All that remains is to get acquainted actinidia polygamous. Outwardly, it is very similar to Actinidia kolomikta, only it is slightly smaller in size. Its height, as a rule, does not exceed five meters. Polygamous actinidia branches and curls weakly. As for the fruits of this plant, they are very similar in shape to the fruits of kolomikta, only their tip is pointed and somewhat bent. The berries are colored light orange, and when fully ripe they acquire a uniform orange color. Their taste in an unripe state is very hot and pungent, but when the fruits ripen it becomes sweet.

So, since Actinidia kolomikta has the highest frost resistance, it is its varieties that are grown in the post-Soviet space. In addition, it is worth noting that the entire variety of fruits of this species has a record content of ascorbic acid in its composition. So, even two berries will be enough to cover the daily dose of vitamin C.

We list the most popular varieties of actinidia kolomikta, and also give their brief characteristics in the table that follows.

Variety name